草鱼和团头鲂的核型及其C带带型的研究

采用用血淋巴细胞培养制备染色体和BSG 显带枝术,研究了草鱼和团头鲂的核型和C 带带型,草鱼、团头鲂都是2n=48,均有8对中部着丝点染色体,10对亚中着丝点和6对亚端着丝点染色体,它们在核型中除第9对染色体短臂有显著差异外,其余染色体形态很为相似,在C 带带型中,大多数染色体都具着丝点C 带,但它们各有特殊的带型,差异较大,草鱼有两对不同圆颗粒状带型亚中着丝点C 带染色体,并有6对短臂全深染的端位型亚端着丝点C 带染色体,还有两对在短臂C带与随体相联的染色体.团头鲂有的在同源染色体长臂间显示对称和不对称的两种插入型C 带,次缢痕位于第9对染色体短臂上,亦为C 带染色阳性,位于缢痕的裂隙内,无端位带,并对草鱼和团头鲂不同亚科的核型特征以及它们染色体与其物种进化的关系进行了初步讨论.     

2,6—二硝基甲苯对鲤鱼的毒性

研究测定了２,６－二硝基甲苯（２,６－ＤＮＴ）对鲤鱼的急性和亚致死毒性．亚致死试验经１８０ｍｇ／Ｌ、３６０ｍｇ／Ｌ、５４０ｍｇ／Ｌ、７２０ｍｇ／Ｌ、９９０ｍｇ／Ｌ２,６－ＤＮＴ暴露２１ｄ．在１５℃～１９℃下,２４ｈ、４８ｈ、７２ｈ、９６ｈ的半致死浓度值分别为２５４８ｍｇ／Ｌ、２２９６ｍｇ／Ｌ、２０１２ｍｇ／Ｌ、１９００ｍｇ／Ｌ．亚致死试验中,根据２,６－ＤＮＴ对鲤鱼生长和肝、肾、鳃ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的影响,求得２,６－ＤＮＴ的最大允许毒物浓度为１８０～３６０ｍｇ／Ｌ．     

鳙鱼不同组织的同工酶研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,对鳙鱼的脑、晶体、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉等六种组织进行了十种同工酶（α＿ＡＭＹ、ＥＳＴ、ＧＯＴ、Ｇ６ＰＤ、ＩＤＨ、ＬＤＨ、ＭＤＨ、ＭＥ、ＰＯＸ、ＳＯＤ）的电泳研究,并对各种酶的同工酶位点及酶谱表型进行了分析,其中鳙鱼的α＿ＡＭＹ和ＰＯＸ的研究还未见报道．结果表明,除ＧＯＴ外,其余酶均存在不同程度的组织差异,Ｇ６ＰＤ在肝脏,ＩＤＨ在脑以及ＬＤＨ在心脏出现了特殊的酶谱,作者就此进行了分析和推测．     

Identification of antiviral- relevant genes in the cultured fish cells induced by UV-inactivated virus

~~Identification of antiviral- relevant genes in the cultured fish cells induced by UV-inactivated virus~~     

重新蓄水后的白洋淀鲫鱼的生物学分析

本文论述了重新蓄水后白洋淀鲫鱼的食性、年龄生长和繁殖。鲫鱼主要以硅藻、枝角类和水生维管束植物为食。可分为五个年龄组，平均肥满度为３．１３２４，Ⅱ－Ⅲ龄组生长最快、最好。绝对怀卵量为５１２７～６１５９６粒，相对怀卵量为７２．５４～４０２．５９粒／克，性腺成熟系数为４．２９３％～１３．０７２％。     

阿扑吗啡对LHRH—A促进鲤鱼GtH和GH分泌的影响

腹腔注射ＤＡ激动剂ＡＰＯ和ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ，研究ＡＰＯ对ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ促进鲤鱼ＧｔＨ和ＧＨ分泌的影响．结果表明：①ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ单独注射能极显著刺激ＧｔＨ分泌，且具有明显的剂量依存关系；ＡＰＯ单独注射显著抑制基础ＧｔＨ分泌，没有明显的剂量依存关系；两者结合注射，ＡＰＯ能显著抑制ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ促进ＧｔＨ的分泌；②ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ单独注射，能显著刺激ＧＨ分泌，且具有明显的剂量依存关系；ＡＰＯ单独注射，也能显著刺激ＧＨ的分泌；两者结合注射，ＡＰＯ不能有效增强ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ刺激的ＧＨ分泌的作用     

Molecular cloning and polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex class I genes from grass carp (Ctenophayngodon idellus)

In order to clarify the molecular sequences,allelic polymorphism and the tertiary structure of grass carp (Ctenophayngodon idellus) MHC class I,and to further study their relationship with disease resistances,grass carp MHC class I gene (Ctid-MHC I) was cloned from a cDNA library and the allelic polymorphism in the population was investigated.The results showed that most of the variations exist in the peptide-binding domain (PBD) and high polymorphism was identified in the Ctid-MHC I allelic genes from 12 individuals.Based on the genetic distance,Ctid-MHC class I can be classified into 6 types (from Ctid-MHC I-UA to Ctid-MHC I-UF) which were subdivided into 9 lineages (from A to I).Comparison of the Ctid-MHC I among animals and humans showed that the key amino acids of the peptide binding sites are conserved.Analysis of the tertiary structure of the PBD between Grass carp and human crystallographic data of HLA-A2,the variation with insertion or deletion was found in eight regions (A～H).The phylogenetic tree of MHC class I indicates the evolution of MHC class I among grass carp,fish,amphibian,birds,higher vertebrates and humans.     

鲢鱼鱼鳞蛋白提取工艺研究

以鲢鱼鱼鳞为研究对象,研究了提取温度,提取时间,料液比对鱼鳞蛋白质提取率的影响,并进一步通过正交实验对其提取工艺进行了优化。研究结果表明:鱼鳞蛋白质提取率随着提取温度、提取时间、料液比的增加而提高。其提取的最佳条件是:提取温度90℃,提取时间6 h,料液比1:25,在此条件下鲢鱼鱼鳞蛋白质的提取率为77.41%。     

Rapid growth and sterility of growth hormone gene transgenic triploid carp

Triploid carp (100%) with 150 (3n=150) chromosomes were obtained by crossing the females of improved tetraploid hybrids (♀, 4n=200) of red crucian carp (♀)×common carp (♂) with the males of diploid yellow river carp (♂, 2n=100). The crosses yielded transgenic triploid carp (positive triploid fish, 44.2% of the progeny) and non-transgenic triploid carp (negative triploid fish). Histological examination of the gonads of 24-month-old positive triploid fish suggested they were sterile and the fish were not able to produce mature gametes during the breeding season. Morphologically, both the positive and negative triploid fish were similar. They had a spindle-shaped, laterally compressed, steel grey body with two pairs of barbells. Most of the quantifiable traits of the triploid carp were intermediate between those of the two parents. The positive and negative triploid fish were raised in the same pond for 2 years. The mean body weight of the positive triploid fish was 2.3 times higher than the negative triploid fish. The weight of the largest positive triploid fish was 2.91 times higher than that of the largest negative triploid fish. Thus, we produced fast-growing transgenic triploid carp that have a reduced ecological risk because of their inability to mate and produce progeny.     

A new type of triploid crucian crap?red crucian carp (♀)×allotetraploid (♂)

A new type of triploid hybrids (TC) was produced by crossing red crucian carp (♀) with allotetraploid hybrids (♂). This type of triploids with no barbel was spindle-shaped and gray in color. Compared with their parents, some data of the morphological traits in the triploid hybrids were intermediate to those of their parents, and some were beyond their parents with heterozygous traits. Under the same culture conditions, the growth rate of the new type triploids was faster than their maternal red crucian carp (RC). The gonadal development of triploids was obviously slower than that of diploids, and the germ cells in them were degenerated. Compared with another type of triploids produced by Japanese crucian carp (♀) with allotetraploid hybrids (♂), the new type triploids not only kept faster growth rate and sterility, but also had no barbel that was similar to the common carp. The absence of the barbel in the new type of triploids has the important significance in both the inheritance and fish breeding.